https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog daily 0.75 2026-02-16 https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/understanding-the-voltage-divider monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/7eaa1368-ac13-404d-b63c-97f90a3777c0/the-voltage-divider.png Electronics Blog - Understanding the Voltage Divider - Make it stand out Click the image for a voltage divider calculator https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/692a1783-7488-475f-b224-28c3e3774771/calculate-vout.png Electronics Blog - Understanding the Voltage Divider - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/5515e694-510d-4542-b708-50c7123bb226/10k-and-100k-example.png Electronics Blog - Understanding the Voltage Divider - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/421477dc-1775-4b7b-ba59-2246c33ec0b6/10k-1ohm-example.png Electronics Blog - Understanding the Voltage Divider - Make it stand out A strong pull-down resistor of 1Ω yields an output voltage of 0.0005V. This makes sense because a 1Ω resistor is practically a short to GND! The output voltage should be very near GND. https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/understanding-battery-consumption monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/b90c1ccc-4781-4f3a-87a3-5f7b88aef386/battery-table.png Electronics Blog - Understanding Battery Consumption - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/28aa9d46-0826-433e-ab88-f96a59372bf1/simple-block-diagram.png Electronics Blog - Understanding Battery Consumption - Make it stand out A simple PCB with MCU, temp sensor, and 3 LED’s https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/what-are-rise-time-accelerators monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/89dc649d-19a5-4136-a7aa-8c3f21230c81/functional-block-diagram-of-txs0102.png Electronics Blog - What are Rise-Time Accelerators? - Make it stand out Internal “one shot accelerators” or rise-time accelerators help to speed up the rising edge of a signal. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/f7989d1e-5b89-4bcf-ab41-cf7a40973700/rise-time-accelerator-is-off.png Electronics Blog - What are Rise-Time Accelerators? - Make it stand out The MOSFET that connects A1 to A2 is biased by some gate bias circuitry. There is an internal 10k pull-up resistor to VCC and there is a pull-up MOSFET to VCC which acts as the rise-time accelerator. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/2d109d1a-9ab4-4049-b022-acc6b1aafba9/rise-time-accelerator-is-on.png Electronics Blog - What are Rise-Time Accelerators? - Make it stand out The rise-time accelerator is enabled once A1/A2 reaches a specific trigger threshold. It enables for a short duration before switching OFF. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/4fd8ace3-97bf-45a5-99e4-0e544713c844/tca9416-rise-time-accelerator-scope-capture.png Electronics Blog - What are Rise-Time Accelerators? - Make it stand out Figure 9-2 from the TCA9416 datasheet on page 16/29 The rise-time accelerator is triggered on the rising edge. You can see the two distinct rising edge slopes. The rise-time starts off slow, and then is immediately pulled up to the supply by the accelerator. The rise-time accelerator switches off after a short duration, and is off during the next falling edge to prevent contention. https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/tca9555-i2c-gpio-expander-use-cases monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/084296f2-7522-4c1e-bc27-2221cddd8338/MCU-interrupt-flag.png Electronics Blog - TCA9555 - I2C GPIO Expander Use Cases - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/d308a857-4962-4e7b-a409-bc34741940d3/microwave.png Electronics Blog - TCA9555 - I2C GPIO Expander Use Cases - Make it stand out (Please keep the microwave signals inside the box. No need to fry humans any time soon) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/aea5fe6e-067c-4cc0-9a63-a8b2125227e6/TCA9555-as-an-interrupt-manager.png Electronics Blog - TCA9555 - I2C GPIO Expander Use Cases - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/22b2efee-a354-4b01-a9fc-be185593f805/low-level-output-current-spec.png Electronics Blog - TCA9555 - I2C GPIO Expander Use Cases - Make it stand out Low-level output current spec page 5/49 of TCA9555 datasheet in the “Recommended Operating Conditions” table https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/c0675813-ecb7-4293-8664-0e44a0589f59/tca9555-as-a-led-driver.png Electronics Blog - TCA9555 - I2C GPIO Expander Use Cases - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/82537d2d-7674-4a11-92db-00ec63de2fa3/absolute-max-tca9555.png Electronics Blog - TCA9555 - I2C GPIO Expander Use Cases - Make it stand out Page 5 / 49 of TCA9555 datasheet - Absolute Maximum Ratings Table https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/what-is-a-buffered-output-low-from-an-i2c-buffer monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/de54276f-177c-43f9-9d01-03a3fa414345/buffered-output-voltage.png Electronics Blog - What is a Buffered Output LOW from an I2C Buffer? - Make it stand out VOL for SDAB/SCLB/SDAA/SCLA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/03ab3c58-eb07-4e9d-a2a9-41d98a5329a8/input-low-voltage-on-b-side.png Electronics Blog - What is a Buffered Output LOW from an I2C Buffer? - Make it stand out VIL or Low-Level Input Voltage https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/5d5feb74-2e7a-45fb-acc2-c0c8c3c9789d/buffer-2.png Electronics Blog - What is a Buffered Output LOW from an I2C Buffer? - Make it stand out Bi-directional buffer - TCA9617B https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/what-is-ohms-law monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/d4a5474b-1865-4dbf-a7f0-f12bd6e91c27/ohms-law-cartoon.jpg Electronics Blog - What is Ohm’s Law? - Make it stand out The resistances in Ohms restricts the flow of free electrons (current measured in amps). Voltage is the electro magnetic force that pushes the electrons or flow of current along its path. I.e. the pipe https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/c08bd212-fbd8-47c2-ba19-867a57666127/describing-the-flow.png Electronics Blog - What is Ohm’s Law? - Make it stand out (LEFT) Pressure Washer (MIDDLE) Water out of Pipe (RIGHT) Hoover Dam https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/electrical-engineering-do-you-need-a-college-degree monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/how-to-calculate-series-resistance-for-an-led monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/56569b8b-1698-493f-9f45-320253a8a255/blue-led-characteristic-table.png Electronics Blog - How to Calculate Series Resistance for an LED - Make it stand out Characteristics - JE2835 BLUE https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/9b5ebf3a-8e79-46de-b42a-d7fb9f9b51ab/diode-circuit.png Electronics Blog - How to Calculate Series Resistance for an LED - Make it stand out 12 V source into the diode w/ series resistance https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/8b814019-0947-4b65-93c5-a526593921bb/relative-luminous-flux-vs-current-actual.png Electronics Blog - How to Calculate Series Resistance for an LED - Make it stand out Relative Luminous Flux vs. Current - JE2835 BLUE https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/9df6de2c-d1ae-41fb-8158-1630eadb789d/relative-luminous-flux-vs-current.png Electronics Blog - How to Calculate Series Resistance for an LED - Make it stand out Electrical Characteristics - JE2835 BLUE https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/43648c7a-4fe8-48e2-8f12-fa11372caa56/math-calculation.png Electronics Blog - How to Calculate Series Resistance for an LED - Make it stand out Calculating Series Resistance with Forward Voltage and Forward Current https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/what-is-arduino monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/b0a95f0f-4477-4528-ab22-dcc3b517c118/Arduino_uno_rev3.png Electronics Blog - What is Arduino? - Make it stand out Arduino Uno Rev3 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/c904adc0-8a11-4e71-a972-0c424a2aa09a/Arduino_nano.png Electronics Blog - What is Arduino? - Make it stand out Arduino Nano https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/cb95f463-d5ec-4b59-90fa-0ca66a088c00/Arduino_mega-rev3.png Electronics Blog - What is Arduino? - Make it stand out Arduino Mega 2560 Rev 3 https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/what-is-push-pull-circuit-topology monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/f3d6e9b4-fb31-45e1-bb37-485a0beca444/push-pull-circuit.png Electronics Blog - What is Push-Pull Circuit Topology? - Make it stand out A push-pull circuit https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/09e72455-ec18-4e59-af26-948bd56dfb69/vol-iol-voh-ioh.png Electronics Blog - What is Push-Pull Circuit Topology? - Make it stand out Electrical Specifications table for TXE8116 page 7/37 https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/what-is-spi monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/d294374d-8807-495f-a5e9-127da58896a7/spi-controller-spi-peripheral.png Electronics Blog - What is SPI? - Make it stand out A SPI Controller and SPI Peripheral in point-to-point communication https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/806d9596-78fd-45df-a8fc-00e5710f7d5f/spi-controller-4-peripherals.png Electronics Blog - What is SPI? - Make it stand out 4 peripherals in a SPI system each require 1 CS line https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/b7c410bb-aebf-47c5-90a9-16f3f96799c7/i2c-vs-spi.png Electronics Blog - What is SPI? - Make it stand out SPI vs. I2C, SPI can transmit and receive data at the same time. I2C can only send data or receive data, but not both at the same time. https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/what-is-a-controller-and-target-in-an-i2c-bus monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/801a4127-69d6-40a2-943b-6fc53d734972/I2C-controller-i2c-target.png Electronics Blog - What is a Controller and Target in an I2C Bus? - Make it stand out An I2C Controller and I2C Target in point-to-point communication https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/dd34fed0-4608-4c0e-97ac-74920c3f77a9/controller-two-targets.png Electronics Blog - What is a Controller and Target in an I2C Bus? - Make it stand out A controller that sends device address 0×21 will talk to the I2C target with the same address. S = Start Condition Sr = Repeated Start Condition P = Stop Condition https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/why-pcal6524-is-a-widely-capable-io-expander monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/cf31369c-338c-47c9-adc9-6a5ef3e69d19/table-4-address-map.png Electronics Blog - Why PCAL6524 is a Widely Capable IO Expander - Make it stand out Table 4 - PCAL6524 Address Map - Page 7 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/b0be965a-69d3-4abe-bcae-72ab8bc36ded/software-reset.png Electronics Blog - Why PCAL6524 is a Widely Capable IO Expander - Make it stand out Figure 7 - Software Reset Sequence - Page 8 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/aa7da6cd-2f3a-48cf-817b-29b7341c5575/PCAL6524-device-ID-register.png Electronics Blog - Why PCAL6524 is a Widely Capable IO Expander - Make it stand out Figure 8 - Device ID Field - Page 8 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/7ae4a225-3752-46ea-8c22-d6df0c16cf9f/simplified-programmable-output-stage.png Electronics Blog - Why PCAL6524 is a Widely Capable IO Expander - Make it stand out Figure 22 - Simplified Output Stage - Page 32 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/e56b6c69-b430-4a67-bb4d-027d08774cbd/figure13-debounce-diagram.png Electronics Blog - Why PCAL6524 is a Widely Capable IO Expander - Make it stand out Figure 13 - Debounce Diagram - Page 27 https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/how-to-write-and-read-registers-within-tcal6416-io-expander monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/8bf1d313-444a-4792-bfc7-7d6698ce3b68/i2c-device-address-tcal6416.png Electronics Blog - How to Write and Read Registers within TCAL6416 IO Expander - Make it stand out I2C Device Address - Page 25/55 of the TCAL6416 Datasheet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/ddaa6500-933b-4322-a49f-891ff9fd2244/complete_command_byte_table.png Electronics Blog - How to Write and Read Registers within TCAL6416 IO Expander - Make it stand out Complete Command Byte Table 7-5 on page 26/55 of the TCAL6416 Datasheet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/7971abef-19ff-4408-9051-715393af87b8/figure7-9-write-to-output-port-registers.png Electronics Blog - How to Write and Read Registers within TCAL6416 IO Expander - Make it stand out Figure 7-9 Write to Output Port Registers https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/69336750-9afc-4036-b34e-9c407b140364/figure-7-11-read-from-register.png Electronics Blog - How to Write and Read Registers within TCAL6416 IO Expander - Make it stand out Figure 7-11 Read From Register on page 31 of the TCAL6416 Datasheet https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/the-spi-resource-guide monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/what-is-the-purpose-of-open-drain-interrupts monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/bef85415-b624-446e-ba5b-2837e2d17dfa/interrupts-in-a-system.png Electronics Blog - What is the Purpose of Open-Drain Interrupts? - Make it stand out The MCU handles 4 different interrupt signals from 4 different temperature sensors https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/0a3aa13e-2446-4b5b-8ecf-5126ffd85ca0/over-temperature-event-signals-interrupt.png Electronics Blog - What is the Purpose of Open-Drain Interrupts? - Make it stand out A temperature of 85C trips temp sensor 2, the MCU receives this interrupt. The MCU now knows that temp sensor 2 is over-heating https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/dc67322c-a39e-45db-a062-d4eb9652c5a5/open-drain-interrupts.png Electronics Blog - What is the Purpose of Open-Drain Interrupts? - Make it stand out Open-drain interrupts https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/what-is-vih-vil-voh-vol monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/546ca964-771c-465a-8604-0917db0649b9/5v-logic-scheme.png Electronics Blog - What is VIH / VIL / VOH / VOL? - Make it stand out 5 V Logic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/1e8bd2f9-dbcc-489b-ab25-0922917b885e/logic-levels.png Electronics Blog - What is VIH / VIL / VOH / VOL? - Make it stand out VIH = 3.5 V, any voltage between 3.5 V and 5 V is considered a logic high input voltage VIL = 1.5 V, any voltage between 1.5 V and 0 V is considered a logic low input voltage Voltages between VIH and VIL are considered indeterminate. The voltage input could be high or low without any certainty. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/fbfedd32-e6d4-4ad1-853c-3efc69de04fb/open-drain-driver-example.png Electronics Blog - What is VIH / VIL / VOH / VOL? - Make it stand out Open-drain driver example https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/e5aa2bb8-da3e-438b-a08e-cd330ddda9bf/appropriate-pull-down-driver-resistance.png Electronics Blog - What is VIH / VIL / VOH / VOL? - Make it stand out Using a stronger pull-down driver https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/9acdff16-35ff-4052-841d-31b45c155842/voltage-output-high.png Electronics Blog - What is VIH / VIL / VOH / VOL? - Make it stand out Voltage Output High is through the pull-up resistor to VCC. The pull-up resistor charges the capacitance “C” to 5 V through the resistance “R” when the open-drain driver (nFET) is turned OFF. https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/arduino-how-to-use-photo-resistors monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/a2c6753a-b536-4c70-9f7a-5acabf881420/small-photo-resistor.png Electronics Blog - Arduino - How to Use Photo Resistors - Make it stand out The Photo Resistor! https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/40c9d111-fc45-4055-b3ab-65128e4b9434/arduino-setup.png Electronics Blog - Arduino - How to Use Photo Resistors - Arduino Setup Digital pin 53 (green wire) is connected to the cathode of a green LED. The potentiometer is used to limit the current flow through this LED. Analog input A0 (10-bit ADC) is connected in between the photo resistor and 10 kΩ resistive divider (yellow wire). 5 V power supply input (red) is connected to the positive rail on top of the breadboard. GND (blue) is connected to the negative rail on the bottom of the breadboard. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/ead91d47-7865-40c0-812e-6cabc04f95f6/schematic.png Electronics Blog - Arduino - How to Use Photo Resistors - Make it stand out Complete Schematic https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/c13fed43-c183-4bd2-8fab-44ddd1346337/analog-read-value.png Electronics Blog - Arduino - How to Use Photo Resistors - Make it stand out When light is present, ADC value reads ~750. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/f4fa84f7-426d-48de-aa75-1da2f863fd14/analog-read-value-shadow.png Electronics Blog - Arduino - How to Use Photo Resistors - Make it stand out My shadow drops the ADC value <500. When the ADC value drops below 500, I turn on the LED via digital output pin 53. https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/the-i2c-resource-guide monthly 0.5 2025-09-16 https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/what-does-the-r-mean-in-tcal6416r monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/60e72fdf-d70f-4bb2-bfa2-210e49838517/default-state.png Electronics Blog - What Does the “R” Mean in TCAL6416R? - Make it stand out Power-Up Default State on Page 23/43 of the TCAL6416R Datasheet https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/arduino-example-code-for-setting-up-i2c-writes-and-reads monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/ab78cf87-17bc-460b-af12-c7051d8d0292/include.png Electronics Blog - Arduino - Example Code for Setting Up I2C Writes and Reads - Make it stand out The only #include is the <Wire.h> library for I2C https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/a7e5f6f4-4d8b-4343-b519-29cb849243e4/void-setup.png Electronics Blog - Arduino - Example Code for Setting Up I2C Writes and Reads - Make it stand out Initialize the serial prompt with Serial.begin(115200); (115200 baud rate) Wire.begin() - initializes the I2C drivers Wire.setClock(400000L) - sets I2C SCL frequency to 400 kHz https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/5ef8b811-9d24-4c66-838f-24c552cfa377/void-loop.png Electronics Blog - Arduino - Example Code for Setting Up I2C Writes and Reads - Make it stand out Example loop() function. Initialize a read value read from target address 0×20, register 0×00 read from target address 0×21, register 0×01 write to target address 0×20, register 0×06, data 0×00 write to target address 0×20, register 0×07, data 0×00 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/3d4e6ffc-4047-4142-9197-38928921bab8/void-write.png Electronics Blog - Arduino - Example Code for Setting Up I2C Writes and Reads - Make it stand out set up the i2c_write() function. Takes in parameters i2c target address, register address, and data to place in the register begin with a start condition - Wire.beginTransmission() send the register address send the data to place inside the register send stop condition through Wire.endTransmission() https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/a897f947-6bc4-46ec-9799-6d44db0fa165/int-i2c-read.png Electronics Blog - Arduino - Example Code for Setting Up I2C Writes and Reads - Make it stand out Setup the read function define a value to return 0×00 send start bit - Wire.beginTransmission() send register address send stop bit - Wire.endTransmission(); request to read from the device 1 byte run an if / else statement to check if the read was bad “error” or good “good read” return the i2c data https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/how-voltage-level-translation-works-lsf0102-pca9306 monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/4daefc95-52b9-491c-8494-fe310d748731/lsf0102-block-diagram.png Electronics Blog - How Voltage Level Translation Works - LSF0102 - PCA9306 - Make it stand out LSF0102 block diagram page 1/42 of the datasheet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/1c6e2b98-ab32-4256-8b19-a2194694a3bc/voltage-translation-config-mode-pca9306.png Electronics Blog - How Voltage Level Translation Works - LSF0102 - PCA9306 - Make it stand out Page 13/38 of PCA9306 datasheet - Translation Configuration https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/59d32372-2360-470c-9ad8-4cefd670361f/switch-config-mode-pca9306.png Electronics Blog - How Voltage Level Translation Works - LSF0102 - PCA9306 - Make it stand out Page 13/38 of PCA9306 datasheet - Switch Configuration https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/cdabcf81-5c62-4e3b-9ab4-e7e32d3cf95d/lsf0102-internal-circuitry.png Electronics Blog - How Voltage Level Translation Works - LSF0102 - PCA9306 - Make it stand out Page 10/42 of the LSF0102 datasheet - Internal Circuitry Diagram https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/d45025d9-4044-4875-b805-f5bef95f313f/lsf0102-typical-application-use-case.png Electronics Blog - How Voltage Level Translation Works - LSF0102 - PCA9306 - Make it stand out Page 12/42 of LSF0102 Datasheet - Typical Application Circuit for Open-Drain Translation (MDIO Shown as an Example) https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/i2c-controlled-switches-how-to-use-tca9548a monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/d878b362-f871-49a8-9736-55e6b63f2287/tca9548a.png Electronics Blog - I2C Controlled Switches - How to use TCA9548A - Make it stand out Example block diagram of TCA9548A https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/fc150877-7ba5-43cc-9b87-d7b24d679e1e/internal-diagram.png Electronics Blog - I2C Controlled Switches - How to use TCA9548A - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/8eec4439-0ae7-41a3-84f6-27aa9af978c4/select-target-0.png Electronics Blog - I2C Controlled Switches - How to use TCA9548A - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/09798efb-9e95-4f77-ab7f-f650a16eb0e8/select-target-1.png Electronics Blog - I2C Controlled Switches - How to use TCA9548A - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/c684e721-4585-41ee-b2f3-ddc2c157807f/select-both-targets.png Electronics Blog - I2C Controlled Switches - How to use TCA9548A - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/46ca107d-9f93-4f46-bc0b-7300bda5b368/cap-loading-tca9548a.png Electronics Blog - I2C Controlled Switches - How to use TCA9548A - Make it stand out Example of bus capacitance separation using TCA9548A https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/e42ef372-c6ab-4771-89fc-dedf701dfe59/tmp117-addresses.png Electronics Blog - I2C Controlled Switches - How to use TCA9548A - Make it stand out Table 7-2 Address Pin and Target Addresses from page 21/50 of the TMP117 datasheet https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/d9396d1e-79a4-4f91-9555-5e6a674e1455/resolving-i2c-address-conflicts.png Electronics Blog - I2C Controlled Switches - How to use TCA9548A - Make it stand out TCA9548A resolves same target address conflicts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/34b96318-3036-4cb1-85f0-4cfbb12e8ce2/level-translation.png Electronics Blog - I2C Controlled Switches - How to use TCA9548A - Make it stand out Level translation with TCA9548A https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/features-of-tcal6416-i2c-gpio-expander monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/06ad0cdd-4915-43af-b8b6-5784b8d81ad4/IO-expander-2.png Electronics Blog - Features of TCAL6416 I2C GPIO Expander - Make it stand out TCAL6416 - 16-bit I2C GPIO Expander https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/5bbdb893-03dd-4c9f-a0fd-9a2cca48656d/16-gpios.png Electronics Blog - Features of TCAL6416 I2C GPIO Expander - Make it stand out Port 1 - P00 - P07 Port 2 - P10 - P17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/19e5abfd-4dea-44e1-8dc0-642ab95a4ef2/operating-voltage-range.png Electronics Blog - Features of TCAL6416 I2C GPIO Expander - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/c5d3873c-c413-4b4a-973d-212bbf093f5c/FM%2B.png Electronics Blog - Features of TCAL6416 I2C GPIO Expander - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/52b7bf36-75a8-4088-bd0e-62ebf0e007a0/ADDR.png Electronics Blog - Features of TCAL6416 I2C GPIO Expander - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/89280257-93e8-455f-b574-afabf126eecf/reset-pin.png Electronics Blog - 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8 pin MCU - 1.6 mm x 0.86 mm https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/8e7757d6-a269-43bf-8132-12b7101f2f69/MSPM0C1104-to-gpio.png Electronics Blog - I2C GPIO Expansion - TCAL6416 w/ MSPM0C1104 - Make it stand out 16-bit I2C to GPIO Expander - TCAL6416 https://www.t2circuits.com/electronics-blog/what-is-rise-time-and-fall-time monthly 0.5 2025-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/57c36c04-2309-41d0-9c8d-b061216022ff/i2c-rt-ft.png Electronics Blog - What is Rise-Time and Fall-Time? - Make it stand out tr = rise-time; is from 30% to 70% of VCC tf = fall-time; is from 70% to 30% of VCC Page 45 / 62 - NXP I2C Standard UM10204 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/e2661e53-ec34-4fa9-a9f0-61c28bedcb4b/usb-spec-rt-ft.png Electronics Blog - What is Rise-Time and Fall-Time? - Make it stand out Page 180/650 of the USB 2.0 Specification Rise-Time (THSR) is from 10% to 90% Fall-Time (THSF) is from 90% to 10% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/688ac8f32fa0051746fb95e5/d600aed6-673e-4e81-b57d-fe2a3697c2ed/Data_sampled_correctly.png Electronics Blog - 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